The Eleventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) concluded without the adoption of a consensus final document. One of the main stumbling blocks in the negotiations was the reference to Iran’s non-compliance with its obligations, which the Iranian delegation opposed. Nevertheless, until the very last moment, an agreement appeared within reach, particularly following an understanding among the P5 (the five nuclear-weapon States recognized under the NPT: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States) on resuming dialogue on arms control and, in the longer term, nuclear disarmament.
Throughout the Conference, Italy reaffirmed its support for the Treaty as a cornerstone of the international non-proliferation regime. The Italian delegation actively participated in plenary meetings, the sessions of the Main Committees and subsidiary bodies, as well as informal consultations and coordination meetings among EU, NATO, WEOG, and Broadly Like-Minded countries.
Despite the absence of a final agreement, the Conference demonstrated the continued support of numerous delegations for the Treaty and fostered intensive dialogue, notwithstanding the diversity of positions. The next review cycle will begin with a meeting of the Preparatory Committee in Vienna in 2028, leading up to the Twelfth Review Conference, which will be held in New York in 2031.
